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氯化物
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<P>氯化物主要通过氧化反应和<A class=innerlink href="http://www.hudong.com/wiki/%E9%85%B8">酸</A>性反应形成。</P> <P><STRONG><FONT color=#006600 size=3>氧化反应</FONT></STRONG><BR>通过金属在<A class=innerlink href="http://www.hudong.com/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E6%B0%94">氯气</A>中<A class=innerlink href="http://www.hudong.com/wiki/%E7%87%83%E7%83%A7">燃烧</A>，可以获得该金属的氯化物，比如金属<A class=innerlink href="http://www.hudong.com/wiki/%E9%92%A0">钠</A>在氯气中燃烧，形成氯化钠，属于<A class=innerlink href="http://www.hudong.com/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94">氧化反应</A>。</P> <P><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">2Na+Cl</SPAN><SUB><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">2</SPAN></SUB><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">→</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">2NaCl</SPAN><BR> <BR><STRONG><FONT color=#006600 size=3>酸性反应<BR></FONT></STRONG>某些金属与盐酸溶液反应，也可形成该金属的氯化物，属于还原反应。需要注意的一点，不是所有的金属都可以与盐酸反应形成盐，只有在金属活动性顺序列表中排在氢之前的金属才可以与盐酸反应而形成氯化物，比如<A class=innerlink href="http://www.hudong.com/wiki/%E9%92%A0">钠</A>，<A class=innerlink href="http://www.hudong.com/wiki/%E9%95%81">镁</A>，<A class=innerlink href="http://www.hudong.com/wiki/%E9%93%9D">铝</A>，<A class=innerlink href="http://www.hudong.com/wiki/%E9%92%99">钙</A>，<A class=innerlink href="http://www.hudong.com/wiki/%E9%92%BE">钾</A>等，而<A class=innerlink href="http://www.hudong.com/wiki/%E9%93%9C">铜</A>，<A class=innerlink href="http://www.hudong.com/wiki/%E9%93%81">铁</A>，<A class=innerlink href="http://www.hudong.com/wiki/%E9%93%B6">银</A>等金属则不能与盐酸反应形成氯化物。</P> <P><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">Zn+2HCl</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">→</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">ZnCl</SPAN><SUB><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">2</SPAN></SUB><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">+H</SPAN><SUB><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">2</SPAN></SUB><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">↑</SPAN><BR> <BR><STRONG><FONT color=#006600 size=3>其它方法</FONT></STRONG><BR>另外也可以通过金属氧化物与盐酸反应，同样可以得到该金属的氯化物。</P> <P><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">FeO+2HCl</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">→</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">FeCl</SPAN><SUB><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">2</SPAN></SUB><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">+H</SPAN><SUB><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">2</SPAN></SUB><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">O</SPAN> <BR></P>
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